Research Article Open Access
Scenario of Single use Plastic Ban in some Hotels, Restaurants and Vegetable Market of Nagpur City -
A Case Study
Ekta R. Raut, Aruna M. Sudame, Manoj D. Shanti
Applied Chemistry Department, G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering, CRPF Gate No. 3, Hingna, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440016, India
Adv. Mater. Proc., 2020, 5 (3), 20030408
DOI: 10.5185/amp.2020.030408
Publication Date (Web):04/07/2020
Copyright © IAAM-VBRI Press
In today’s world plastic is a part of everyone’s life. According to American Chemistry Council primary data source, plastics generation was 35.4 million tons in 2017 in the United States, which was about 13.2 percent of total Municipal Solid Waste generation. Plastics makes thousands of products that add convenience, comfort and safety. Due to its light weight, strength and easily mouldable ability it is used as an ideal packaging material. It is also used in many sports to increase athlete efficiency and safety. It increases the efficiency and hygiene of medicines. It is also used in making surgical instruments. Inspite of its many advantages one of the biggest disadvantage is, it will take 1000 years to decompose in Landfills. When it burns, it produces toxic gases which adds to environmental pollution. Plastics, when it dumped in water bodies it threats aquatic life. Plastic does not allow the rainwater to seep into the ground. However, the plastic bags negatively affects environment and human health. 18 states have banned single-use plastic bags such as Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh. In most of the countries, bags of thickness of less than 50 microns are banned. In order to study the awareness about single use plastic ban in Nagpur City, we conducted survey of some Hotels, Restaurants, Vegetable markets and Grocery
Plastics are usually synthetic or semi synthetic organic Plastics has very high molecular weight and it can be mold into solid objects of many shapes and sizes. Plastics generally include a main chain organic; Side linked molecular groups, some organic, inorganic blends added as additives, plasticizers and fillers [1]. Plastic is used for packaging, household consumer products, electronics products, automobiles parts, agriculture, building construction, water transportation, telecommunication equipment’s, transportation and medicine. Household plastic waste generated from carry bags, kitchen storage utensils, decorative items and other kitchen electronic equipment’s which is non-biodegradable. Also, due to the abrupt development in electronic industry, the use of plastic has increased because of manufacturing of electronic integrated circuit, chips, printed circuit board and LED’s [2]. If plastic waste is not properly managed then, it will have harmful effect on human life and animal’s life. There will be clogging in the flow of river and ocean water. This is also very dangerous for aquatic life as it will cause direct ingestion and inhalation of chemicals coming out from plastic [3]. Population of India is almost the same as of China, but the demand of polymer in India is one-fifth than that of China, showing the potential growth of plastic industry in India [4]. According to American Chemistry Council primary data source, plastics generation was 35.4 million tons in 2017 in the United States, which was about 13.2 percent of total Municipal Solid Waste generation [5].
In United States, even though they collect almost 100% of the most common type of plastic, polyethylene terephthalate, or PET (soda bottle), only about 30% is recycled. The situation is worse in developing countries, where the global economy has brought a flood of plastic into places without adequate waste management and finally plastic goes to a landfill [6].
History of the plastic
Bakelite is the first Synthetic plastic which is produced in year 1907 by Belgian born chemist, Dr. Leo H. Baekeland, by reacting phenol and formaldehyde under pressure using a catalyst as hexamethylenetetramine. Rapid growth in global plastic production was not realized until the 1950s. In next 65 years, annual production of plastics increased to 381 million tons in 2015 which is equivalent to two-thirds of the world population.
Advantages of plastics
Plastics makes thousands of products that add convenience, comfort and safety. Its light weight, strength and easily moldable ability it is used as an ideal packaging material. It is used in making of Sports materials to increase athlete efficiency and safety. It is increasing the efficiency and hygiene of medicines [7].
Global plastic generation scenario
Global primary production of plastic was 270 million tons. Plastic waste generated within 50 kilometers in coastal regions which is amounted to 99.5 million tons. The Plastic waste which is improperly managed is 31.9 million tons and 8 million tons entered in the ocean. The amount of plastic in surface waters ranges from 10,000s to 100,000s tons.
How do we dispose of our plastic?
Before 1980, recycling and incineration of plastic was very less or negligible and 100 percent of plastic was discarded. From 1980, the rates of incineration and recycling are increased by about 0.7 percent per year. In 2015, about 55% of global plastic waste was discarded, 25% was incinerated and only 20% was recycled [8].
Which sectors used most plastic?
The largest field which uses plastic with a remarkable extent is Packaging industry which contributes to the new employment in many countries.
How plastic affects wildlife and human health
Plastic debris affects wildlife by three key pathways:
The impact of China’s ban
For managing global plastic waste, many developed countries export plastic to middle or low-income countries. High income countries sell their plastic
waste to China like countries for effective waste management. China and Hong Kong have imported 72.4% of global plastic waste. In year 2017 China introduced a complete ban on the imports of non-industrial plastic waste [9].
How it affects environment
Issues related to plastic waste in India
Plastic ban is not the solution to the problem but how to manage it is the biggest challenge. Most of the plastics are dumped into the environment and some end up in either landfills or oceans. Great Pacific Ocean is one such area which is negatively affected with all the plastic material. The more they are thrown into the oceans the more they increase causing the garbage patch to increase in size. In 2018, Arabian Sea of Mumbai omits 9000 tons of trash or waste which converts Mumbai beach to dumping yard [11]. Looking to this we with our first year students of G. H. Raisoni college of Engineering, Nagpur have conducted the survey of hotels, vegetable shops and grocery shops of Nagpur city to check the mentality of public towards plastic ban. Following are the questions asked during survey.
Survey questions
Data collection
The activity was planned after finishing the classes. The subject teacher explained the questionnaires, nature of the survey and how the data is to be collected. The data collections process was performed by the students. The students were invited in a 2-3 students group to participate in the survey and were told to collect the data of questionnaire by visiting home to home. As a project student’s participation and their responses would be kept confidential. After survey questionnaires were handed to the teachers, for compilation of data from various locations of Nagpur city. The all information were the compiled in Google sheet.
Table 1. Data analysis on plastic water bottle used in Hotels/Restaurants.
S.No |
Hotels/Restaurants Visited |
Use of own Water Bottle |
1 |
Ashoka Imperia, Nagpur l |
10 |
2 |
Babbu Biryani, Nagpur |
0 |
3 |
Bombay Biryani Restaurant |
0 |
4 |
Bombay Chicken Biryani, Near Hingna T Point Nagpur |
0 |
5 |
Cafe 8, Nagpur |
0 |
6 |
Cafe Aeolus, Nagpur |
10 |
7 |
Cookie, Nagpur s |
0 |
8 |
Dominos (Sitabuldi Eternity Mall), Nagpur |
100 |
9 |
Goli No. 1, Hingna Road, Nagpur |
15 |
10 |
Guptaji Hotel |
50 |
11 |
Gurudev Kirana Store |
60 |
12 |
Haldiram Thaat Baat Restaurant (Sitabuldi) |
30 |
13 |
Hotel Ganesh Sagar |
0 |
14 |
Jagat Restaurant(Sitabuldi) |
0 |
15 |
Khalsa Hotel(Sitabuldi) |
40 |
16 |
Khichidi Wala, Nagpur |
0 |
17 |
Kings of Thali, Nagpur |
0 |
18 |
Median Grill, Nagpur |
0 |
19 |
Mocha Cafe And Bar |
0 |
20 |
Nisarg Hotel, Nagpur |
20 |
21 |
Nusta Chai, Nagpur |
0 |
22 |
Pav Bhaji Center, Nagpur |
70 |
23 |
Pizza Hut (Eternity Mall Sitabuldi), Nagpur |
30 |
24 |
Shankar Bhojnalaya (Sitabuldi), Nagpur |
60 |
25 |
Sri Gowri Shankar, Nagercoil, Trivandrum Road, Nagpur |
20 |
26 |
Suhana Kitchen, Nagpur |
60 |
27 |
Swara Foods, Nagpur |
0 |
28 |
Tomesh General Store, Hariganga, Nagpur |
8 |
29 |
Truly Sandwich Club, Nagpur |
0 |
30 |
Underground Hotel, Nagpur |
0 |
|
Average |
37.61% |
Fig. 1. Data analysis on plastic water bottle used in Hotels/ Restaurants
Table 2. Data analysis of Single Use Plastics in Grocery.
S.No |
Names of Grocery Shops Visited |
% Carrying Own Bags |
% Demanding Plastic Bags |
1 |
Hariganga Market |
65 |
30 |
2 |
Aaryan Grocery Shop |
75 |
20 |
3 |
Waghmare Grocery Shop |
55 |
30 |
4 |
Om Grocery Shop, MIDC |
1 |
20 |
5 |
Lanje Grocery Shop |
50 |
40 |
6 |
Priya Grocery Shop, Hingna |
15 |
75 |
7 |
Laxmi Grocery Shop |
50 |
50 |
8 |
Lanje Grocery Shop |
50 |
30 |
Fig. 2. Data analysis of Single Use Plastics in Grocery Shops.
Table 3. Data analysis of Single Use Plastics in Vegetable Shops.
Sr. |
Names of Vegetable |
% |
% Demanding Plastic Bags |
1 |
Jagdish Vegetable Shop |
0 |
55 |
2 |
Hingna Vegetable Market. |
90 |
10 |
3 |
Vegetable Shop |
95 |
10 |
4 |
Vegetable Shop |
99 |
1 |
5 |
Vegetable Market Bardi. |
75 |
25 |
6 |
Vegetable Shop, Bardi |
1 |
10 |
7 |
Kamla Vegetable Market |
90 |
10 |
8 |
Road Side Vegetable Shop |
90 |
10 |
9 |
Gokulpeth Vegetable Market |
20 |
90 |
10 |
Digdoh Vegetable Market |
30 |
70 |
Fig. 3. Data Analysis on Single Use Plastics in Vegetable Shops.
Table 4. Data Analysis on Single Use Plastics in Grocery Shops.
Sr. No |
Names of Kirana Shops Visited |
% Carrying Own Bags |
% Demanding Plastic Bags |
1. |
Sahi Kirana Store |
1 |
5 |
2. |
Gupta Kirana, Gayatri Nagar, Nagpur |
100 |
0 |
3. |
Shubham Kirana Stores |
15 |
85 |
4. |
Khapre Kirana Stores |
95 |
5 |
5. |
Jamal's Bai Kirana Stores |
80 |
20 |
6. |
Purushottam Kirana Stores. |
5 |
90 |
7. |
Shrikrishna Kirana and General Stores |
60 |
40 |
8. |
Jaiswal Kirana Stores |
75 |
25 |
9. |
Umesh Kirana and General Store Hingna |
75 |
25 |
10. |
Gopal Kirana Stores |
10 |
90 |
11. |
Vishnu Kirana Store |
10 |
90 |
12. |
Yash Kirana Store |
30 |
75 |
13. |
Ashok Kirana |
80 |
10 |
14. |
Mansi Kirana Stores |
60 |
5 |
15. |
Dia Kirana Shop |
70 |
20 |
16. |
Jain Kirana,Hariganga |
30 |
65 |
17. |
Shakti Kirana Store |
80 |
15 |
18. |
Aditya Kirana Store |
90 |
5 |
19. |
Lalit Kirana Store, Krishna Nagar |
15 |
85 |
20. |
Pooja Kirana,Sarkar Nagar |
60 |
35 |
21. |
Singh Kirana Store |
20 |
60 |
22. |
Shivam Kirana Store |
75 |
20 |
23. |
Gurudev Kirana Store |
40 |
50 |
Fig. 4. Data Analysis on Single Use Plastics in Grocery Shops.
Acknowledgements
I am thankful to the students who are also part of this survey.
Keywords
Single use plastic, plastic bags, bioaccumulation, environment.
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Eka R. Raut is working as a Assistant Professor in G.H. Raisoni college of Engineering, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
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Scenario of Single use Plastic Ban in some Hotels, Restaurants and Vegetable Market of Nagpur City -
A Case Study
1. https://plastics.americanchemistry.com/How-Plastics-Are-Made, American Chemistry Council, Plastics Industry Producer Statistics Group, 2005, accessed on 23rd Jun 2020. [Google Scholar]
2. Singh, P.; Sharma, V.; Procedia Environ. Sci. 2016, 35, 692. [Google Scholar]
3. Nandy, B.; Sharma, G.; Garg, S.; Kumari, S.; George, T.; Sunanda, Y.; Sinha, B.; Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 2015, 101, 167. [Google Scholar]
4. Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) Knowledge Paper on Plastic Industry for Infrastructure, February 2017. [Google Scholar]
5. https://www.epa.gov/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/plastics-material-specific-data, 19 January 2017, accessed on 23rd Jun 2020. [Google Scholar]
6. https://www.worldwildlife.org/magazine/issues/fall-2019/articles/ plastic-in-the-ocean, accessed on 24th Jun 2020. [Google Scholar]
7. Padgelwar, Sanket; Nandan, Abhishek; Mishra, Abhishek Kumar; International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2019. [Google Scholar]
8. Vanapalli, Kumar Raja; Samal, Biswajit; Dubey, Brajesh Kumar; Bhattacharya, Jayanta; "Emissions and Environmental Burdens, Associated With Plastic Solid Waste, Management", Elsevier BV, 2019. [Google Scholar]
9. http://www.conserve-energy-future.com, accessed on 18th March 2020. [Google Scholar]
10. https://ourworldindata.org/plastic-pollution, Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser, September 2018. [Google Scholar]
11. https://www.civilserviceindia.com, accessed on 18th March 2020. [Google Scholar]