Bilayered vanadium oxide as the host material for reversible beyond lithium ion intercalation

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA 

Adv. Mater. Lett., 2017, 8 (6), pp 679-688

DOI: 10.5185/amlett.2017.1536

Publication Date (Web): Apr 30, 2017

Copyright © IAAM-VBRI Press

E-mail: epomeran@coe.drexel.edu

Abstract

Bilayered vanadium oxide has emerged as a high-performance cathode material for beyond lithium ion (BLI) battery systems including Na-ion batteries, Mg-ion batteries, and pseudocapacitors. The major structural feature of bilayered V₂O₅ that makes it attractive for such applications is its large interlayer spacing of ~10-13 Å. This spacing can be controlled via the interlayer content, which can consist of varying amounts of structural water and/or inorganic ions, resulting in numerous chemical compositions.  Further, bilayered V₂O₅ can be synthesized via a number of different methods, resulting in morphologies that include xerogel, aerogel, thin films, and 1-D nanostructures. The interlayer spacing, content, and material morphology can all affect the electrochemical performance of this materials family, and in this review, we discuss the role of each of these factors in the reversible cycling of charge-carrying ions beyond lithium.  The different bilayered V₂O₅ synthesis methods and resulting compositions are reviewed, and important structure-property-performance insights into the reversible insertion/ extraction of larger/multivalent ions into the bilayered V₂O₅ structure are highlighted. 

Keywords

Layered materials, beyond lithium ion batteries, intercalation, bilayered vanadium oxide.